Greek ordinal numbers
First, second, third: in Greek every ordinal is an adjective ending -ος, -η, -ο, and every one agrees with its noun. That makes them more regular than the cardinals, once the stems are learned.
| Figure | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | πρώτος | πρώτη | πρώτο |
| 2nd | δεύτερος | δεύτερη | δεύτερο |
| 3rd | τρίτος | τρίτη | τρίτο |
| 4th | τέταρτος | τέταρτη | τέταρτο |
| 5th | πέμπτος | πέμπτη | πέμπτο |
| 6th | έκτος | έκτη | έκτο |
| 7th | έβδομος | έβδομη | έβδομο |
| 8th | όγδοος | όγδοη | όγδοο |
| 9th | ένατος | ένατη | ένατο |
| 10th | δέκατος | δέκατη | δέκατο |
| 11th | ενδέκατος | ενδέκατη | ενδέκατο |
| 12th | δωδέκατος | δωδέκατη | δωδέκατο |
| 13th | δέκατος τρίτος | δέκατη τρίτη | δέκατο τρίτο |
| 20th | εικοστός | εικοστή | εικοστό |
| 21st | εικοστός πρώτος | εικοστή πρώτη | εικοστό πρώτο |
| 30th | τριακοστός | τριακοστή | τριακοστό |
| 40th | τεσσαρακοστός | τεσσαρακοστή | τεσσαρακοστό |
| 50th | πεντηκοστός | πεντηκοστή | πεντηκοστό |
| 60th | εξηκοστός | εξηκοστή | εξηκοστό |
| 70th | εβδομηκοστός | εβδομηκοστή | εβδομηκοστό |
| 80th | ογδοηκοστός | ογδοηκοστή | ογδοηκοστό |
| 90th | ενενηκοστός | ενενηκοστή | ενενηκοστό |
| 100th | εκατοστός | εκατοστή | εκατοστό |
| 200th | διακοσιοστός | διακοσιοστή | διακοσιοστό |
| 1,000th | χιλιοστός | χιλιοστή | χιλιοστό |
Where the stems come from
The ordinals keep older stems than the cardinals, which is why some look unfamiliar: τέταρτος beside τέσσερα, έβδομος beside εφτά, όγδοος beside οχτώ. The same old stems show up in the cardinals εβδομήντα and ογδόντα. Ninth, ένατος, is spelled with one ν, unlike εννιά. Eleventh is ενδέκατος, built on the older ένδεκα.
From 20th the tens end in -οστός and carry the stress on the last syllable: εικοστός, τριακοστός, εκατοστός, χιλιοστός.
Ordinals in everyday Greek
- Floors: μένω στον τρίτο όροφο, I live on the third floor.
- Centuries: ο εικοστός πρώτος αιώνας, the 21st century, written ο 21ος αιώνας.
- The first of the month: dates use cardinals, except the first, η πρώτη Μαΐου, the first of May. See dates and years.
- Pages and chapters are often given with a cardinal instead: σελίδα εννιά, page nine, means the same as την ένατη σελίδα.
Questions teachers and learners ask
How do you say first, second and third in Greek?
πρώτος, δεύτερος, τρίτος for a masculine noun; πρώτη, δεύτερη, τρίτη for a feminine one; πρώτο, δεύτερο, τρίτο for a neuter one. They behave like ordinary adjectives: ο πρώτος όροφος (the first floor), η δεύτερη μέρα (the second day), το τρίτο παιδί (the third child).
How are compound ordinals like 21st formed?
Every part becomes an ordinal and every part agrees with the noun: εικοστός πρώτος (21st, masculine), εικοστή πρώτη (feminine), εικοστό πρώτο (neuter). So the 21st century is ο εικοστός πρώτος αιώνας. From 13th, δέκατος τρίτος is likewise two words.
How do you abbreviate Greek ordinals?
With the figure and the last letters of the ending, raised or on the line: 1ος, 1η, 1ο for first; 2ος, 2η, 2ο for second; 21ος αιώνας for the 21st century. School years, chapters and monarchs often use the older letter numerals instead, so Αʹ Γυμνασίου is the first year of lower secondary school.
Are the days of the week ordinals?
Four of them come from ordinals: Δευτέρα (Monday, the second day), Τρίτη (Tuesday, the third), Τετάρτη (Wednesday, the fourth) and Πέμπτη (Thursday, the fifth), counting from Sunday, Κυριακή. The dates page lists the full week.
Sources: Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής (Triantafyllidis Foundation): the ordinals as the dictionary glosses them under each cardinal (ένατος under εννιά, όγδοος under οχτώ, ενδέκατος under έντεκα, “δέκατη έκτη” under δεκαέξι, εκατοστός under εκατό, the entry εννιακοσιοστός); Holton, Mackridge, Philippaki-Warburton and Spyropoulos, Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar (2nd ed., 2012), ordinal numerals.